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Persicaria glabra

(Willd.) M.Gómez (1896)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-CoreEudicot Order: Caryophyllales Family: Polygonaceae Genus: Persicaria

kāmole [kamole], knotweed, smartweed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual or perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems red, ascending, swollen and often rooting at the nodes, 5–15 dm long, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades oblong–lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, (10–)14–28 cm long, (2–)3–6 cm wide. Surfaces minutely pustulate, otherwise usually glabrous, sometimes with scattered hairs on nerves of lower surface. Margins entire. Petioles 0.5–2 cm long. Stipules present as an ocreae, tubular, usually 20–30 mm long, apex not ciliate, sometimes with a few small bristles ca. 0.5 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in open racemes, these sometimes in paniculate inflorescences 5–10 cm long, each flower on a jointed pedicel. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Tepals (4)5(6), usually petaloid, persistent, white or pinkish, 3–4 mm long, sometimes sparsely so, glandular punctate. Stamens 3–9, but usually 5, exserted or included; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, (2)3(4)-carpellate, 1-celled; ovule 1; styles 2–3, distinct or connate basally, deciduous; stigmas capitate or rarely fimbriate, dry.

Fruit: Nuts dark brown to nearly black; broadly ovoid; biconvex or subtrigonous; protruding up to ca. ½ its length from or completely enclosed by the persistent tepals; 2–2.5 mm long; the surface glossy.

Ploidy: 2n = 20; 40; 60; 66

Habitat: Along streambeds; taro paddies; or in moving water.

Elevation Range: 260–1,450 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous or Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous or Naturalized
O'ahu Indigenous or Naturalized
Molokai Indigenous or Naturalized
Maui Indigenous or Naturalized
Hawai'i Indigenous or Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278 (1896)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1064 (K, O, Mo, M, H [as Polygonum glabrum]); Wilson 1990:632/Herbst & Wagner 1999:30 (Syn. Polygonum glabrum = Persicaria glabra); Forbes 1607.O BISH (O†, 1910)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Persicaria glabra central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15158 Molokai US 10/13/1916
2 Persicaria glabra Lohania, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
3 Persicaria glabra hamakua distr., lalakea, main weir at start of lower mamakua ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
4 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
5 Persicaria glabra Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2656 Hawaii US 7/13/1956
6 Persicaria glabra kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15314 Kauai US 10/20/1916
7 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 368 Hawaii US
8 Persicaria glabra lohania, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
9 Persicaria glabra Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2423 Kauai US 1895-00-00
10 Persicaria glabra halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 2402 Kauai US 2/14/1909
11 Persicaria glabra waialae stream above waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
12 Persicaria glabra Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15158 Molokai US 10/13/2016
13 Persicaria glabra Molokai: Sandw.-Ins. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. AVH
14 Persicaria glabra Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15314 Kauai US 10/20/2016
15 Persicaria glabra S of the Wailuku River, Hilo Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Found occasionally within a bog. Growing with Juncus effusus, Andropogon, Carex, and Scirpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 592 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1981
16 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PreservedSpecimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lydgate, J.M. Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
17 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. BISH
18 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 35 k Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
19 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8783 Oahu BISH 7/31/1926
20 Persicaria glabra S fork of Onini Gulch In shade of Aleurites with Phytolacca, Oplismenus, and Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 541 Molokai BISH 5/28/1982
21 Persicaria glabra Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 497.Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
22 Persicaria glabra Hawaii County, HI, USA PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii HAPI 8/2/1996
23 Persicaria glabra 17 miles along road from kohala toward wainea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 8783 MO 7/31/1926
24 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. BISH
25 Persicaria glabra NW of Maunahui sunny stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8778 Molokai BISH 5/20/1928
26 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 35 K Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
27 Persicaria glabra Small ravine northwest of Maunahui. Sunny streambank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 8778 Molokai PTBG 5/20/1928
28 Persicaria glabra Nawaimaka drainage ; along stream in rich brown soi. Open Metrosideros-Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with riparian areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3996 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1995
29 Persicaria glabra North fork of the Wailua River just beyond the intake for the Iliilliula North Wailua Ditch. Disturbed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 892 Kauai PTBG 7/18/1984
30 Persicaria glabra Kokee State Park, trail along Kawaikoi Stream at approximately 0.5 miles NE of Kumuwela Road and Sugi Grove campground area; Rich wet forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5794 Kauai PTBG 2/13/1988
31 Persicaria glabra Waialae Stream above Waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
32 Persicaria glabra kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2656 Kauai US 7/13/1956
33 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
34 Persicaria glabra Halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 2402 Kauai US 1909-00-00
35 Persicaria glabra Swampy kepuka in open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1517 Hawaii US
36 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 19 Oahu US
37 Persicaria glabra E. Maui, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi Stream. Disturbed mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H110006 Maui PTBG 11/11/2000
38 Persicaria glabra South fork of Onini Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Anderson 541 Molokai PTBG 5/28/1982
39 Persicaria glabra Hawaii Is., n. of puu pala, between n. and south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611231014 UBC 12/31/1961
40 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
41 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8783 Hawaii US 7/31/2026
42 Persicaria glabra along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2423 Kauai US 1895-07-02
43 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
44 Persicaria glabra central molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15158 Molokai US 10/13/1916
45 Persicaria glabra Lohania, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
46 Persicaria glabra hamakua distr., lalakea, main weir at start of lower mamakua ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
47 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 35.K Kauai US 7/10/2009
48 Persicaria glabra Kukaiau Ranch, N slopes of Mauna Kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rubtzoff, P. 2656 Hawaii US 7/13/1956
49 Persicaria glabra kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. s. hitchcock 15314 Kauai US 10/20/1916
50 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 368 Hawaii US
51 Persicaria glabra lohania, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
52 Persicaria glabra Along the Hanapepe River, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2423 Kauai US 1895-00-00
53 Persicaria glabra halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 2402 Kauai US 2/14/1909
54 Persicaria glabra waialae stream above waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. nagata 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
55 Persicaria glabra Central Molokai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15158 Molokai US 10/13/2016
56 Persicaria glabra Molokai: Sandw.-Ins. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. AVH
57 Persicaria glabra Kaholuamano PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hitchcock, A. S. 15314 Kauai US 10/20/2016
58 Persicaria glabra S of the Wailuku River, Hilo Forest Reserve, South Hilo District Found occasionally within a bog. Growing with Juncus effusus, Andropogon, Carex, and Scirpus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clarke, G. 592 Hawaii BISH 5/20/1981
59 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PreservedSpecimen Hillebrand, W.B. Lydgate, J.M. Collector Number: s.n. BISH Specimen
60 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hillebrand, W.B. s.n. BISH
61 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 35 k Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
62 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from kohala toward waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 8783 Oahu BISH 7/31/1926
63 Persicaria glabra S fork of Onini Gulch In shade of Aleurites with Phytolacca, Oplismenus, and Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Anderson, S.J. Collector Number: 541 Molokai BISH 5/28/1982
64 Persicaria glabra Halawa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. Collector Number: 497.Mo Molokai BISH 8/1/1912
65 Persicaria glabra Hawaii County, HI, USA PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii HAPI 8/2/1996
66 Persicaria glabra 17 miles along road from kohala toward wainea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener 8783 MO 7/31/1926
67 Persicaria glabra unknown small ravine; PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hillebrand, w.b. lydgate, j.m. BISH
68 Persicaria glabra NW of Maunahui sunny stream bank PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8778 Molokai BISH 5/20/1928
69 Persicaria glabra Lukoinoho, N side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 35 K Kauai BISH 7/10/1909
70 Persicaria glabra Small ravine northwest of Maunahui. Sunny streambank. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Otto Degener 8778 Molokai PTBG 5/20/1928
71 Persicaria glabra Nawaimaka drainage ; along stream in rich brown soi. Open Metrosideros-Acacia Montane Mesic Forest with riparian areas. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3996 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1995
72 Persicaria glabra North fork of the Wailua River just beyond the intake for the Iliilliula North Wailua Ditch. Disturbed wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 892 Kauai PTBG 7/18/1984
73 Persicaria glabra Kokee State Park, trail along Kawaikoi Stream at approximately 0.5 miles NE of Kumuwela Road and Sugi Grove campground area; Rich wet forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5794 Kauai PTBG 2/13/1988
74 Persicaria glabra Waialae Stream above Waialae cabin PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Nagata, K. M. 2128 Kauai US 9/8/1980
75 Persicaria glabra kukaiau ranch, n slopes of mauna kea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN p. rubtzoff 2656 Kauai US 7/13/1956
76 Persicaria glabra lukoinoho, n side PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 35.k Kauai US 7/10/1909
77 Persicaria glabra Halemanu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 2402 Kauai US 1909-00-00
78 Persicaria glabra Swampy kepuka in open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. y. hosaka 1517 Hawaii US
79 Persicaria glabra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 19 Oahu US
80 Persicaria glabra E. Maui, Ko'olau Forest Reserve, Waiohiwi Stream. Disturbed mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H110006 Maui PTBG 11/11/2000
81 Persicaria glabra South fork of Onini Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN S. Anderson 541 Molokai PTBG 5/28/1982
82 Persicaria glabra Hawaii Is., n. of puu pala, between n. and south kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Vladimir J. Krajina 611231014 UBC 12/31/1961
83 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN D. R. Herbst 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
84 Persicaria glabra 17 mi along rd from Kohala toward Waimea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 8783 Hawaii US 7/31/2026
85 Persicaria glabra along the hanapepe river, near the falls PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2423 Kauai US 1895-07-02
86 Persicaria glabra Hamakua Distr., Lalakea, Main weir at start of Lower Mamakua Ditch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 9793 Hawaii US 8/2/1996
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